Are Footnotes Perfectly Modern or Post-Modern?
Jul 29th, 2009 by Bryan
I have always considered footnotes in academic writing to be quintissentially modern
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because they function to establish the authority of the writer. They assure us that that the writer has read the right things and knows the right modes of discourse. To have authority as an academic writer, one must have access (phyiscal and mental) to certain books and articles, and more abstractly, to certain knowledge. This allows the writer to have a voice within the scholarly guild and avoid being regarded as an amateur.Perhaps you have seen academic monographs where the footnotes take up more space on each page than the text itself. That is because the writer feels that every controversial and even non-controversial point must be “supported” by external authorities. As much as they point to the larger scholarly conversation, footnotes also reveal a peculiarly modern form of insecurity.
Consider, however, this clip of David Foster Wallace on the Charlie Rose show (via Merlin Mann) who suggests that footnotes are essentially post-modern. He says that they permit him to fracture his text in a way that approximates the fracturing of reality. The notes give voice to alternative and contrasting voices that undermine the unifying narrative in the main text.
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I suppose one might argue that footnotes may be used in different ways by different writers. The distinction is subtle, however, and I think Wallace is right. It’s an old canard, but true, to say that the conventions of modernity mask uncertainty and anxiety, and thus bear the seeds of their own undoing.
I think that DFW is talking about footnotes in fiction as post-modern, which they most definitely are. However, in most academic (non-fiction or critical) writing, footnotes are simply a modernist or structuralist tool, no?
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Thank you for your comment. I’m not sure I would make the distinction between fiction and academic writing very strongly, at least in terms of their shared interest in constructing narratives, drawing the reader into a posited and described world, etc. Or, perhaps I should say there is a strong fictive element to so-called nonfiction.
That said, certainly footnotes in academia have been understood and used in a modernist sense, but the article made me wonder about the anxieties that generate the copious footnotes common in critical monographs. Also, I wonder how the form could possibly be used consciously within academic genres to deconstruct the notion of critical inquiry. Or, would the rules of our discourse rule out any sort of deviation?